358 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
358 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
VI(1) User Commands VI(1)
|
|
|
|
NAME
|
|
vi - visual text editor
|
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
|
vi [file]
|
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
|
vi is a visual-oriented text editor. It is used to create, display,
|
|
modify and otherwise manipulate text files. This version of vi
|
|
implements most of the commands in the standard vi utility. It does
|
|
not allow wildcard or escape characters in the search or replacement
|
|
strings, and it cannot execute shell commands. It also does not
|
|
implement the undo command.
|
|
|
|
vi can also run a in line-oriented mode, which is know as the ex mode.
|
|
The ex mode is entered by typing the 'Q' command. The ex mode can be
|
|
terminated, and visual-oriented editing can be resumed by typing the
|
|
'V' command. The 'V' command has been extended to include an optional
|
|
parameter that defines the number of lines used in the visual mode.
|
|
The ex mode can also be invoked for one command by typing a ':', '/",
|
|
or '?' character.
|
|
|
|
If invoked with a file argument, a copy of the file is read into the
|
|
editor's buffer. Changes are made to this copy and not directly to
|
|
file itself. Changes must be written back to the file before exiting
|
|
vi.
|
|
|
|
In both the vi and ex modes, editing is done in two distinct modes:
|
|
command and input. When first invoked, vi is in command mode. In this
|
|
mode commands are used to move the cursor, scroll up or down in the
|
|
file, or delete or copy text. In the input mode, lines of text can be
|
|
inserted before or after the current line, or even within the line
|
|
itself.
|
|
|
|
The vi commands are summarized below:
|
|
|
|
Q - Quit from vi mode, and go into ex mode.
|
|
Y - Yank "count" lines to the copy buffer. Default is 1 line.
|
|
p - Push the lines in the copy buffer to the edit buffer.
|
|
: - Exit to the ex mode for one command.
|
|
/ - Search forward for the follwing text string.
|
|
? - Search backward for the follwing text string.
|
|
n - Move to the next line matching the last search string.
|
|
N - Move to the previous line matching the last search string.
|
|
CR - Move down one line. Same as "j".
|
|
j - Move down one line.
|
|
k - Move up one line.
|
|
h - Move left one space.
|
|
l - Move right one space.
|
|
^F - Move forward one screen.
|
|
^B - Move back one screen.
|
|
^D - Move down one-half screen.
|
|
^U - Move up one-half screen.
|
|
G - Go to the line given by "count". The default is the last line.
|
|
J - Join "count" lines to current line. The default is one line.
|
|
dd - Delete "count" lines. The default is one line.
|
|
x - Delete "count" characters. The default is one.
|
|
r - Replace a character.
|
|
O - Open up a new line above the current line, and go into insert
|
|
mode.
|
|
A - Append characters after the end of the current line.
|
|
I - Insert characters at the beginning of the current line.
|
|
i - Insert characters before the current column.
|
|
a - Append characters after the current column.
|
|
$ - Move to the last character in the line.
|
|
0 - Move to the first character in the line.
|
|
1-9 - Set the count to a decimal number, including zero characters.
|
|
ESC - Escape from the insert mode, or ignore previous command characters.
|
|
|
|
In the ex mode, commands are executed on single lines, or a range of
|
|
lines. All ex commands are entered as a complete line of text,
|
|
terminated by the enter key. This version of ex only allows one
|
|
command per line.
|
|
|
|
As with the visual mode, editing is done in either the command or input
|
|
mode. When invoked, ex is in command mode. A typical ex command might
|
|
look like:
|
|
|
|
,s/old/new/g
|
|
|
|
which replaces all occurrences of the string old with new.
|
|
|
|
When an input command, such as 'a' (append), 'i' (insert) or 'c'
|
|
(change), is given, ex enters input mode. In this mode, no commands are
|
|
available; instead, the standard input is written directly to the editor
|
|
buffer. Lines consist of text up to and including a newline character.
|
|
The input mode is terminated by entering a single period (.) on a line.
|
|
|
|
All ex commands operate on whole lines or ranges of lines; e.g., the 'd'
|
|
command deletes lines; the 'm' command moves lines, and so on. It is
|
|
possible to modify only a portion of a line by means of replacement, as
|
|
in the example above. However even here, the 's' command is applied to
|
|
whole lines at a time.
|
|
|
|
In general, ex commands consist of zero or more line addresses, followed
|
|
by a single character command and possibly additional parameters; i.e.,
|
|
commands have the structure:
|
|
|
|
[address [,address]]command[parameters]
|
|
|
|
The address(es) indicate the line or range of lines to be affected by
|
|
the command. If fewer addresses are given than the command accepts,
|
|
then default addresses are supplied.
|
|
|
|
|
|
LINE ADDRESSING
|
|
An address represents the number of a line in the buffer. ex maintains
|
|
a current address which is typically supplied to commands as the default
|
|
address when none is specified. When a file is first read, the
|
|
current address is set to the last line of the file. In general, the
|
|
current address is set to the last line affected by a command.
|
|
|
|
A line address is constructed from one of the bases in the list below,
|
|
optionally followed by a numeric offset. The offset may include any
|
|
combination of digits, operators (i.e. + and -). Addresses are read
|
|
from left to right, and their values are computed relative to the
|
|
current address.
|
|
|
|
One exception to the rule that addresses represent line numbers is the
|
|
address 0 (zero). This means "before the first line," and is legal
|
|
wherever it makes sense.
|
|
|
|
An address range is two addresses separated either by a comma or
|
|
semicolon. The value of the first address in a range cannot exceed the
|
|
value of the second. If only one address is given in a range, then the
|
|
second address is set to the given address. If only one address is
|
|
expected, then the last address is used.
|
|
|
|
Each address in a comma-delimited range is interpreted relative to the
|
|
current address. In a semicolon-delimited range, the first address is
|
|
used to set the current address, and the second address is
|
|
interpreted relative to the first.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following address symbols are recognized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
. The current line (address) in the buffer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ The last line in the buffer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
n The nth, line in the buffer where n is a number in the range
|
|
[0,$].
|
|
|
|
n,m Lines n through m, where n is less than or equal to m.
|
|
|
|
- The previous line. This is equivalent to -1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-n The nth previous line, where n is a non-negative number.
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ The next line. This is equivalent to +1.
|
|
|
|
|
|
+n The nth next line, where n is a non-negative number.
|
|
|
|
|
|
% The first through last lines in the buffer. This is equivalent
|
|
to the address range 1,$.
|
|
|
|
|
|
; The current through last lines in the buffer. This is
|
|
equivalent to the address range .,$.
|
|
|
|
|
|
/re/ The next line containing the regular expression re. The search
|
|
wraps to the beginning of the buffer and continues down to the
|
|
current line, if necessary. // repeats the last search.
|
|
|
|
|
|
?re? The previous line containing the regular expression re. The
|
|
search wraps to the end of the buffer and continues up to the
|
|
current line, if necessary. ?? repeats the last search.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
|
|
Regular expressions are patterns used in selecting text. For example,
|
|
the ex command
|
|
|
|
g/string/
|
|
|
|
prints all lines containing string. Regular expressions are also used
|
|
by the 's' command for selecting old text to be replaced with new. This
|
|
version of ex does not use any wildcard or escape characters.
|
|
|
|
COMMANDS
|
|
All ex commands are single characters, though some require additional
|
|
parameters. ex commands must fit in a single line, and cannot be
|
|
continued to another line.
|
|
|
|
In general, only one command is allowed per line. The only exceptions
|
|
are the 'g' and 'v' commands, which can be followed by an 's', 'p', 'l'
|
|
or 'n' command.
|
|
|
|
ex recognizes the following commands. The commands are shown together
|
|
with the default address or address range supplied if none is specified
|
|
(in parenthesis).
|
|
|
|
(.)a Appends text to the buffer after the addressed line, which may
|
|
be the address 0 (zero). Text is entered in input mode. The
|
|
current address is set to last line entered.
|
|
|
|
(.,.)c Changes lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are deleted
|
|
from the buffer, and text is appended in their place. Text is
|
|
entered in input mode. The current address is set to last line
|
|
entered.
|
|
|
|
(.,.)d Deletes the addressed lines from the buffer. If there is a line
|
|
after the deleted range, then the current address is set to this
|
|
line. Otherwise the current address is set to the line before
|
|
the deleted range.
|
|
|
|
e file Edits file, and sets the default filename. If file is not
|
|
specified, then the default filename is used. Any lines in the
|
|
buffer are deleted before the new file is read. The current
|
|
address is set to the last line read.
|
|
|
|
e! file Edits file unconditionally. This is similar to the e command,
|
|
except that unwritten changes are discarded without warning.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
|
|
|
(1,$)g/re/command
|
|
Applies command to each of the addressed lines matching a
|
|
regular expression re. The current address is set to the line
|
|
currently matched before command is executed. At the end of the
|
|
'g' command, the current address is set to the last line
|
|
affected by command. The allowable commands are 's', 'p', 'l'
|
|
and 'n'. The 'p' command is used if command is not specified.
|
|
|
|
(.)i Inserts text in the buffer before the current line. Text is
|
|
entered in input mode. The current address is set to the last
|
|
line entered.
|
|
|
|
(.,.+1)j
|
|
Joins the addressed lines. The addressed lines are deleted from
|
|
the buffer and replaced by a single line containing their joined
|
|
text. The current address is set to the resultant line.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(.,.)l Prints the addressed lines unambiguously. The current address
|
|
is set to the last line printed.
|
|
|
|
(.,.)m(.)
|
|
Moves lines in the buffer. The addressed lines are moved to
|
|
after the right-hand destination address, which may be the
|
|
address 0 (zero). The current address is set to the new address
|
|
of the last line moved.
|
|
|
|
(.,.)# Prints the addressed lines along with their line numbers. The
|
|
current address is set to the last line printed.
|
|
|
|
(.,.)p Prints the addressed lines. The current address is set to the
|
|
last line printed.
|
|
|
|
q Quits the editor.
|
|
|
|
q! Quits the editor unconditionally. This is similar to the q
|
|
command, except that unwritten changes are discarded without
|
|
warning.
|
|
|
|
($)r file
|
|
Reads file to after the addressed line. If file is not
|
|
specified, then the default filename is used. If there was no
|
|
default filename prior to the command, then the default filename
|
|
is set to file. Otherwise, the default filename is unchanged.
|
|
The current address is set to the last line read.
|
|
|
|
(.,.)s/re/replacement/
|
|
(.,.)s/re/replacement/g
|
|
Replaces text in the addressed lines matching a regular
|
|
expression re with replacement. By default, only the first
|
|
match in each line is replaced. If the 'g' (global) suffix is
|
|
given, then every match to be replaced. It is an error if no
|
|
substitutions are performed on any of the addressed lines. The
|
|
current address is set to the last line affected.
|
|
|
|
(.,.)t(.)
|
|
Copies (i.e., transfers) the addressed lines to after the right-
|
|
hand destination address, which may be the address 0 (zero).
|
|
The current address is set to the last line copied.
|
|
|
|
Tn Change to the terminal mode specified by "n", or toggle the
|
|
terminal mode if "n" is not specified. A value of 0 species the
|
|
dumb terminal mode, and 1 specifies the PST terminal.
|
|
|
|
(1,$)v/re/command-list
|
|
Applies command-list to each of the addressed lines not matching
|
|
a regular expression re. This is similar to the 'g' command.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vn Enter the visualization mode, and set the number of display lines
|
|
to 'n' if specified.
|
|
|
|
(1,$)w file
|
|
Writes the addressed lines to file. Any previous contents of
|
|
file is lost without warning. If there is no default filename,
|
|
then the default filename is set to file, otherwise it is
|
|
unchanged. If no filename is specified, then the default
|
|
filename is used. The current address is unchanged.
|
|
|
|
(.)P Copies (puts) the contents of the cut buffer to after the
|
|
addressed line. The current address is set to the last line
|
|
copied.
|
|
|
|
(1,$)x file
|
|
Writes the addressed lines to file and exits. Any previous
|
|
contents of file is lost without warning. If no filename is
|
|
specified, then the default filename is used.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(.,.)y Copies (yanks) the addressed lines to the cut buffer. The cut
|
|
buffer is overwritten by subsequent 'y', 'j', 'd', or 'c'
|
|
commands. The current address is unchanged.
|
|
|
|
(.+1)zn Scrolls n lines at a time starting at addressed line. If n is
|
|
not specified, then the current window size is used. The
|
|
current address is set to the last line printed.
|
|
|
|
($)= Prints the line number of the addressed line.
|
|
|
|
(.+1)newline
|
|
Prints the addressed line, and sets the current address to that
|
|
line.
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS
|
|
file Specifies the name of a file to read. The default filename is
|
|
set to the specified file.
|
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
|
B. W. Kernighan and P. J. Plauger, Software Tools in Pascal , Addison-
|
|
Wesley, 1981.
|
|
|
|
LIMITATIONS
|
|
vi is limited to 200 characters per line. If an input line is greater
|
|
than 200 characters it will be broken up into multiple lines. The input
|
|
file must terminate lines with a newline (LF) character. Files will be
|
|
written using the UNIX LF line termination. The size of the file is
|
|
limited by the amount of buffer memory available to vi.
|
|
|
|
AUTHOR
|
|
Dave Hein
|
|
|
|
COPYRIGHT
|
|
Copyright (c) 2011, 2012, Dave Hein
|
|
MIT License (See license.txt in the root directory)
|
|
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
|
|
There is no warranty, to the extent permitted by law.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SPINIX utility March 2012 VI(1)
|